In thermodynamics, the combined law of thermodynamics is simply a mathematical summation of the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics subsumed into a single concise mathematical statement as shown below:
Here, U is internal energy, T is temperature, S is entropy, p is pressure, and V is volume. In theoretical structure in addition to the obvious inclusion of the first two laws, the combined law incorporates the implications of the zeroth law, via temperature T, and the third law, through its use of free energy as related to the calculation of chemical affinities near absolute zero.
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